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Brief Profiles of Countries, EMB’s and Partner Organisations of A-WEB
Single-member constituencies: No information/Unicameral legislature
FPTP: First past the post
TyPES OF ELECTORAL SySTEMS
TRS: Two-round system There are several categorizations of electoral
systems available. For simplicity we will recognize
IRV: Instant-runoff voting four categories here.
Multi-member constituencies, majoritarian: • Plurality Systems
MBS: Majority bonus system
• Majority Systems
BV: Block voting or mixed FPTP and BV
• Proportional Representation Systems
PBV: Party block voting or mixed FPTP and PBV
• Mixed Systems
SNTV: Single non-transferable vote or mixed
FPTP and SNTV PLURALITy SySTEMS
Plurality system, electoral process in which the
Modified cumulative voting candidate who polls more votes than any other
candidate is elected. It is distinguished from the
Modified Borda count
majority system, in which, to win, a candidate
Multi-member constituencies, proportional: must receive more votes than all other candidates
Party-list PR: Party-list proportional combined. Election by a plurality is the most
representation common method of selecting candidates for
public office.
Binomial system
First past the post voting (FPP)
STV: Single transferable vote This system of vote counting is the simplest - the
voter only votes for one candidate and whoever
Mixed majoritarian and proportional: gets the highest number of votes is elected. It
Party-list PR and FPT: Mixed-member is the easiest vote counting system to calculate
proportional representation
results. The winning candidate is the one who
Party-list PR and TRS: Mixed-member gains more votes than any other candidate, but
proportional representation not necessarily an absolute majority.
Party-list PR and FPTP: Parallel voting Block vote (BV)
When the FPP system is used in multi-member
Party-list PR and TRS: Parallel voting electorates where electors have as many votes as
there are seats to be filled it is known as the BV.
Party-list PR and BV or PBV: Parallel voting Once a candidate is elected, all ballot papers are
returned to the count to elect the next member.
Party-list PR and SNTV: Parallel voting
The highest-polling candidates fill the positions
Indirect election: regardless of the percentage of the votes they
Election by legislature actually receive.
Election by electoral college or local legislatures MAJORITy SySTEMS
A majority voting system is an electoral system in
Partly election by electoral college or local which the winner of an election is the candidate
legislatures and appointed by head of state that received more than half of the votes cast.
Appointed by head of state In the event that no candidate wins an outright
majority, a runoff election is held between the
No direct election top two vote-getters. For this reason, majority
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