Page 420 - A READY RECKONER

Brief Profiles of Countries, EMB’s and Partner Organisations of A-WEB
usually one plurality/majority system and one
proportional representation system, but where no
account is taken of the seats allocated under the
first system in calculating the results in the second
system. See also Mixed-Member Proportional.
63. Party Block Vote (PBV) – A plurality/majority
system using multi-member districts in which
voters cast a single party-centred vote for a party
of choice, and do not choose between candidates.
The party with most votes will win every seat in the
electoral district.
64. Party-centred ballot – A form of ballot in which a
voter chooses between parties or groupings, rather
than individual candidates.
65. Party magnitude – For an electoral district, the
average number of representatives elected by each 71. Regional fiefdom – A situation in which one party
party and grouping. For a country, the average of the
party magnitudes for all electoral districts.
66. Personation – The fraudulent casting of the vote of
a registered elector by another person.
67. Plurality/majority systems – Plurality/majority
systems are based on the principle that a
candidate(s) or party with a plurality of votes (i.e.
more than any other) or a majority of votes (i.e. 73. Reserved seats – Seats in which a determinable
50 per cent plus one—an absolute majority) is/
are declared the winner(s). Such a system may
use single-member districts—for example, First 74. Riding – A synonym for electoral district used in
Past The Post, Alternative Vote or the Two-Round
System—or multi-member districts—for example,
the Block Vote and Party Block Vote. 75. Sainte-Laguë Formula – one of the options for
68. Preferential voting systems – Electoral systems
in which voters rank parties or candidates on the
ballot paper in order of their choice. The Alternative
Vote, the Borda Count, the Single Transferable Vote
and the Supplementary Vote are all examples of
preferential voting systems. 76. Single-member district – An electoral district from
69. Proportional Representation (PR) – An electoral
system family based on the principle of the
conscious translation of the overall votes of a party
or grouping into a corresponding proportion of seats
in an elected body. For example, a party which wins
30 per cent of the votes will receive approximately
30 per cent of the seats. All PR systems require
the use of multi-member districts. There are two
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major types of PR system, List PR and the Single
Transferable Vote (STV).
70. Quota – May have one of two distinct meanings:
a. The number of votes which guarantees a party
or candidate to win one seat in a particular
electoral district in a proportional representation
system. There are three variants in common
use, the Hare, Droop (or Hagenbach-Bischoff )
and Imperiali quotas.
b. A number of seats in an elected body or a
proportion of candidates nominated by a party
or grouping which are required by law to be filled
by representatives of a particular kind; most
commonly used to ensure the nomination and
election of a minimum number of women.
wins all, or nearly all, of the seats in a particular
geographic region of a country.
72. Remote voting – A mechanism by which voters
are enabled to cast a vote which does not involve
their attendance at a polling station on the day
or days fixed for voting. See also Out-of-country
voting.
criterion such as religion, ethnicity, language or
gender is a requirement for nomination or election.
some countries. See Electoral district.
the series of divisors used to distribute seats in
List PR systems which adopt the Highest Average
Method. The votes of a party or grouping are divided
successively by 1, 3, 5... as seats are allocated to it.
See also D’Hondt Formula.
which only one member is electedto a legislature or
elected body. See also Multi-member district.
77. Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV) – An
electoral system in which voters cast a single
candidate-centred vote for one candidate in a multi-
member district. The candidates with the highest
vote totals are declared elected.
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